биография на английском пушкина краткая биография
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Alexander Pushkin Biography
He was a Russian poet, short-story writer, novelist, and dramatist commonly considered as Russia’s greatest poet and the founder of modern Russian literature. Born into an aristocratic family, Pushkin attended school at the prestigious Imperial Lyceum at Tsarskoye Selo from 1811-1817.
He published his first poem at the age of 15.
In 1817 Pushkin accepted a post in the foreign office at St. Petersburg.
His first major work was the poem Ruslan and Ludmila. His political verses associated him with the Decembrist revolt, causing him to be banished in 1820.
In Mikhailovskoe he writes the chapters of Eugene Onegin and his historical tragedy Boris Godunov, which was not published until 1831. The year after the 1825 Decembrist Revolt, in which several of Pushkin’s friends were involved, Pushkin was pardoned by Tsar Nicholas I and allowed to return to Moscow.
In 1831 Pushkin married Natalya Nikolayevna Goncharova and settled in St. Petersburg.
Among Pushkin’s most characteristic features were his wide knowledge of world literature, as seen in his interest in such English writers as William Shakespeare, Lord Byron, Sir Walter Scott, and the Lake poets.
In 1837, Pushkin was mortally wounded defending his wife’s honour in a duel with d’Anthès. The duel took place on 27 January at the Black River. He died two days later, on 29 January at aged 37.
Alexander Pushkin was buried on the territory of the monastery Svyatogorsk Pskov province beside his mother.
Перевод
Он был русским поэтом, автором коротких рассказов, романистом и драматургом, широко известный как величайший поэт России и основатель современной русской литературы. Родившись в аристократической семье, Пушкин посещал школу в престижном Императорском лицее при Царском Селе с 1811 по 1817 годы.
Свое первое стихотворение он опубликовал в возрасте 15 лет.
В 1817 году Пушкин принял должность в Коллегии иностранных дел в Петербурге.
Его первой крупной работой была поэма «Руслан и Людмила». В 1820 году его ссылают в ссылку за его политические стихи которые были связаны с восстанием декабристов.
В Михайловском Пушкин пишет главы романа «Евгений Онегин» и его историческую трагедию «Борис Годунов», которая не была опубликована до 1831 года. Через год после восстания декабристов 1825 года, в которое были вовлечены несколько друзей Пушкина, Пушкин был помилован царем Николаем I и позволил вернуться в Москву.
В 1831 году Пушкин женился на Наталье Николаевне Гончаровой и поселился в Петербурге.
Среди наиболее характерных черт Пушкина были его широкие познания в мировой литературе, о чем свидетельствуют его интерес к таким английским писателям, как Уильям Шекспир, лорд Байрон, сэр Уолтер Скотт и поэты из Лейка.
В 1837 году Пушкин был смертельно ранен, защищая честь своей жены в поединке с Ж. Дантесом. Дуэль состоялась 27 января на Черной речке. Умер два дня спустя, 29 января в возрасте 37 лет.
Александр Пушкин был похоронен на территории монастыря Святогорск Псковской губернии рядом с матерью.
Alexander Pushkin Biography
Also Known As: Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin
Born in: Moscow, Russia
Famous as: Poet, playwright
Spouse/Ex-: Natalia Pushkina (m. 1831)
father: Sergei Lvovich Pushkin
mother: Nadezhda Ossipovna Gannibal
siblings: Lev Sergeyevich Pushkin, Mikhail Pushkin, Nikolai Pushkin, Olga Pavlishcheva, Pavel Pushkin, Platon Pushkin, Sofia Pushkina
children: Alexander Fremke, Grigory, Maria, Natalia
place of death: Saint Petersburg, Russia
Cause of Death: Peritonitis
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Who was Alexander Pushkin?
Alexander Pushkin was a 19th-century Russian poet, novelist, dramatist, and short-story writer. He is remembered as the founder of modern Russian literature, and his works have been adapted into operas by several Russian composers. Raised in a neglected environment, Pushkin began his literary pursuits at an early age. However, he eventually became rebellious in his compositions. His works began reflecting political humor and infuriated the ruling government. As a result, Pushkin was sent into exile. While in exile, he explored various literary circles and became an integral part of them. He also indulged in gambling and drinking. After almost 6 years of exile, Pushkin was finally released from deportation, but the tsar applied censorship to his writings. Pushkin had a tumultuous marriage and suspected his wife of infidelity. His hatred for his wife’s admirers ultimately caused his death. Some of Pushkin’s notable works are ‘Ruslan and Ludmila,’ ‘Eugene Onegin,’ and ‘Boris Godunov.’
Aleksandr Pushkin
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Aleksandr Pushkin, in full Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin, (born May 26 [June 6, New Style], 1799, Moscow, Russia—died January 29 [February 10], 1837, St. Petersburg), Russian poet, novelist, dramatist, and short-story writer; he has often been considered his country’s greatest poet and the founder of modern Russian literature.
The early years
Pushkin’s father came of an old boyar family; his mother was a granddaughter of Abram Hannibal, who, according to family tradition, was an Abyssinian princeling bought as a slave at Constantinople (Istanbul) and adopted by Peter the Great, whose comrade in arms he became. Pushkin immortalized him in an unfinished historical novel, Arap Petra Velikogo (1827; The Negro of Peter the Great). Like many aristocratic families in early 19th-century Russia, Pushkin’s parents adopted French culture, and he and his brother and sister learned to talk and to read in French. They were left much to the care of their maternal grandmother, who told Aleksandr, especially, stories of his ancestors in Russian. From Arina Rodionovna Yakovleva, his old nurse, a freed serf (immortalized as Tatyana’s nurse in Yevgeny Onegin), he heard Russian folktales. During summers at his grandmother’s estate near Moscow he talked to the peasants and spent hours alone, living in the dream world of a precocious, imaginative child. He read widely in his father’s library and gained stimulus from the literary guests who came to the house.
In 1811 Pushkin entered the newly founded Imperial Lyceum at Tsarskoye Selo (later renamed Pushkin) and while there began his literary career with the publication (1814, in Vestnik Evropy, “The Messenger of Europe”) of his verse epistle “To My Friend, the Poet.” In his early verse, he followed the style of his older contemporaries, the Romantic poets K.N. Batyushkov and V.A. Zhukovsky, and of the French 17th- and 18th-century poets, especially the Vicomte de Parny.
While at the Lyceum he also began his first completed major work, the romantic poem Ruslan i Lyudmila (1820; Ruslan and Ludmila), written in the style of the narrative poems of Ludovico Ariosto and Voltaire but with an old Russian setting and making use of Russian folklore. Ruslan, modeled on the traditional Russian epic hero, encounters various adventures before rescuing his bride, Ludmila, daughter of Vladimir, grand prince of Kiev, who, on her wedding night, has been kidnapped by the evil magician Chernomor. The poem flouted accepted rules and genres and was violently attacked by both of the established literary schools of the day, Classicism and Sentimentalism. It brought Pushkin fame, however, and Zhukovsky presented his portrait to the poet with the inscription “To the victorious pupil from the defeated master.”
St. Petersburg
In 1817 Pushkin accepted a post in the foreign office at St. Petersburg, where he was elected to Arzamás, an exclusive literary circle founded by his uncle’s friends. Pushkin also joined the Green Lamp association, which, though founded (in 1818) for discussion of literature and history, became a clandestine branch of a secret society, the Union of Welfare. In his political verses and epigrams, widely circulated in manuscript, he made himself the spokesman for the ideas and aspirations of those who were to take part in the Decembrist rising of 1825, the unsuccessful culmination of a Russian revolutionary movement in its earliest stage.
Exile in the south
For these political poems, Pushkin was banished from St. Petersburg in May 1820 to a remote southern province. Sent first to Yekaterinoslav (now Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine), he was there taken ill and, while convalescing, traveled in the northern Caucasus and later to Crimea with General Rayevski, a hero of 1812, and his family. The impressions he gained provided material for his “southern cycle” of romantic narrative poems: Kavkazsky plennik (1820–21; The Prisoner of the Caucasus), Bratya razboyniki (1821–22; The Robber Brothers), and Bakhchisaraysky fontan (1823; The Fountain of Bakhchisaray).
Although this cycle of poems confirmed the reputation of the author of Ruslan and Ludmila and Pushkin was hailed as the leading Russian poet of the day and as the leader of the romantic, liberty-loving generation of the 1820s, he himself was not satisfied with it. In May 1823 he started work on his central masterpiece, the novel in verse Yevgeny Onegin (1833), on which he continued to work intermittently until 1831. In it he returned to the idea of presenting a typical figure of his own age but in a wider setting and by means of new artistic methods and techniques.
Yevgeny Onegin unfolds a panoramic picture of Russian life. The characters it depicts and immortalizes—Onegin, the disenchanted skeptic; Lensky, the romantic, freedom-loving poet; and Tatyana, the heroine, a profoundly affectionate study of Russian womanhood: a “precious ideal,” in the poet’s own words—are typically Russian and are shown in relationship to the social and environmental forces by which they are molded. Although formally the work resembles Lord Byron’s Don Juan, Pushkin rejects Byron’s subjective, romanticized treatment in favour of objective description and shows his hero not in exotic surroundings but at the heart of a Russian way of life. Thus, the action begins at St. Petersburg, continues on a provincial estate, then switches to Moscow, and finally returns to St. Petersburg.
Pushkin had meanwhile been transferred first to Kishinyov (1820–23; now Chişinău, Moldova) and then to Odessa (1823–24). His bitterness at continued exile is expressed in letters to his friends—the first of a collection of correspondence that became an outstanding and enduring monument of Russian prose. At Kishinyov, a remote outpost in Moldavia, he devoted much time to writing, though he also plunged into the life of a society engaged in amorous intrigue, hard drinking, gaming, and violence. At Odessa he fell passionately in love with the wife of his superior, Count Vorontsov, governor-general of the province. He fought several duels, and eventually the count asked for his discharge. Pushkin, in a letter to a friend intercepted by the police, had stated that he was now taking “lessons in pure atheism.” This finally led to his being again exiled to his mother’s estate of Mikhaylovskoye, near Pskov, at the other end of Russia.
At Mikhaylovskoye
Although the two years at Mikhaylovskoye were unhappy for Pushkin, they were to prove one of his most productive periods. Alone and isolated, he embarked on a close study of Russian history; he came to know the peasants on the estate and interested himself in noting folktales and songs. During this period the specifically Russian features of his poetry became steadily more marked. His ballad “Zhenikh” (1825; “ The Bridegroom”), for instance, is based on motifs from Russian folklore; and its simple, swift-moving style, quite different from the brilliant extravagance of Ruslan and Ludmila or the romantic, melodious music of the “southern” poems, emphasizes its stark tragedy.
In 1824 he published Tsygany ( The Gypsies), begun earlier as part of the “southern cycle.” At Mikhaylovskoye, too, he wrote the provincial chapters of Yevgeny Onegin; the poem Graf Nulin (1827; “Count Nulin”), based on the life of the rural gentry; and, finally, one of his major works, the historical tragedy Boris Godunov (1831).
The latter marks a break with the Neoclassicism of the French theatre and is constructed on the “folk-principles” of William Shakespeare’s plays, especially the histories and tragedies, plays written “for the people” in the widest sense and thus universal in their appeal. Written just before the Decembrist rising, it treats the burning question of the relations between the ruling classes, headed by the tsar, and the masses; it is the moral and political significance of the latter, “the judgment of the people,” that Pushkin emphasizes. Set in Russia in a period of political and social chaos on the brink of the 17th century, its theme is the tragic guilt and inexorable fate of a great hero—Boris Godunov, son-in-law of Malyuta Skuratov, a favourite of Ivan the Terrible, and here presented as the murderer of Ivan’s little son, Dmitri. The development of the action on two planes, one political and historical, the other psychological, is masterly and is set against a background of turbulent events and ruthless ambitions. The play owes much to Pushkin’s reading of early Russian annals and chronicles, as well as to Shakespeare, who, as Pushkin said, was his master in bold, free treatment of character, simplicity, and truth to nature. Although lacking the heightened, poetic passion of Shakespeare’s tragedies, Boris excels in the “convincingness of situation and naturalness of dialogue” at which Pushkin aimed, sometimes using conversational prose, sometimes a five-foot iambic line of great flexibility. The character of the pretender, the false Dmitri, is subtly and sympathetically drawn; and the power of the people, who eventually bring him to the throne, is so greatly emphasized that the play’s publication was delayed by censorship. Pushkin’s ability to create psychological and dramatic unity, despite the episodic construction, and to heighten the dramatic tension by economy of language, detail, and characterization make this outstanding play a revolutionary event in the history of Russian drama.
Биография Александра Пушкина на английском языке. Biography of Alexander Pushkin
Pushkin is the most important Russian writer of all time, like Shakespeare in England or Dante in Italy. Pushkin provided the standards for Russian arts and literature in the 19th century.
Pushkin was born in Moscow in 1799 into an upper-class family. In 1811 he entered a lyceum at Tsarskoye Selo. The education offered at the lyceum shaped Pushkin’s life.
He graduated from the lyceum in 1817 and began to work in the foreign office in St. Petersburg.
In 1820 the foreign office transferred Pushkin to Ekaterinoslav, and later to Odessa for writing anti-tsarist poetry. In 1824, for his letter against the tsar, he was exiled to Mikhailovskoye. In 1824, Tsar Nicholas I allowed Pushkin to return to Moscow.
Pushkin felt in love with Natalya Goncharova, who was 16 then, and in 1830 they got married. His wife was suspected of an affair with Baron Georges d’Antes; this became the subject of gossip. Pushkin challenged d’Antes to a duel. Pushkin was wounded and died two days later.
Pushkin was the Russia’s greatest poet. In his works he was first influenced by 18th century poets, and then by Lord Byron. Finally he developed his own style, which was realistic but classical in form.
His earliest long poem was romantic «Ruslan and Lyudmila» (1818-1820). A series of verse tales followed «The Prisoner of the Caucasus», «The Robber Brothers», «The Fountain of Bakhchisarai», and «The Gypsies». They were inspired by Byron’s poetry.
In 1823 Pushkin began writing his masterpiece «Eugene Onegin», a novel in verse. «Eugene Onegin» became the linguistic and literary standard. It is a commentary on the life of the early 19th century Russia. It is noted for brilliant verse.
He also wrote other long poems, including «Bronze Horseman» (1833), the finest collection of lyrics in Russian literature.
Pushkin created also a number of masterpieces in drama and prose. «Little Tragedies» and «The Stone Guest» are among the best works in the world history of drama. Pushkin’s love to Russia’s past resulted in his historical drama, «Boris Godunov» (1825). «Tales of the Late I.P.Belkin», «Dubrovsky», «The Captain’s Daughter» are the most important of his prose works. Pushkin’s use of Russian influenced the great Russian writers Turgenev, Goncharov, Tolstoy.
Pushkin’s early death shocked the country. Pushkin, called by many «the sun of Russian literature», belongs among the foremost poets and writers of the world.
Александр Пушкин краткая биография на английском
Пушкин краткая биография на английском языке изложена в этой статье.
Александр Сергеевич Пушкин краткая биография на английском
Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin was born on June 6, 1799 in Moscow.
In 1811 he entered a lyceum at Tsarskoye Selo. The education offered at the lyceum shaped Pushkin’s life.
He graduated from the lyceum in 1817 and began to work in the foreign office in St. Petersburg.
In 1820 the foreign office transferred Pushkin to Ekaterinoslav, and later to Odessa for writing anti-tsarist poetry. In 1824, for his letter against the tsar, he was exiled to Mikhailovskoye. In 1824, Tsar Nicholas I allowed Pushkin to return to Moscow.
Pushkin felt in love with Natalya Goncharova, who was 16 then, and in 1830 they got married. His wife was suspected of an affair with Baron Georges d’Antes; this became the subject of gossip. Pushkin challenged d’Antes to a duel. Pushkin was wounded and died two days later.
Pushkin was the Russia’s greatest poet. In his works he was first influenced by 18th century poets, and then by Lord Byron. Finally he developed his own style, which was realistic but classical in form.
His earliest long poem was romantic «Ruslan and Lyudmila» (1818-1820). A series of verse tales followed «The Prisoner of the Caucasus», «The Robber Brothers», «The Fountain of Bakhchisarai», and «The Gypsies». They were inspired by Byron’s poetry.
In 1823 Pushkin began writing his masterpiece «Eugene Onegin», a novel in verse. «Eugene Onegin» became the linguistic and literary standard. It is a commentary on the life of the early 19th century Russia. It is noted for brilliant verse.
He also wrote other long poems, including «Bronze Horseman» (1833), the finest collection of lyrics in Russian literature.
Pushkin created also a number of masterpieces in drama and prose. «Little Tragedies» and «The Stone Guest» are among the best works in the world history of drama. Pushkin’s love to Russia’s past resulted in his historical drama, «Boris Godunov» (1825). «Tales of the Late I.P.Belkin», «Dubrovsky», «The Captain’s Daughter» are the most important of his prose works. Pushkin’s use of Russian influenced the great Russian writers Turgenev, Goncharov, Tolstoy.
Pushkin’s early death shocked the country. Pushkin, called by many «the sun of Russian literature», belongs among the foremost poets and writers of the world.